Introduction： Pesticides are synthetic or naturally occurring chemical agents extensively employed in modern agriculture to eradicate or prevent pathogens, insect infestations, weeds, and other harmful organisms affecting crops and forest ecosystems,...

Introduction： Over recent decades, accelerating industrial development and expanding human activities have emerged as major drivers of environ- mental degradation, with aquatic ecosystems among the most severely affected (A. K et al., 2023; Kabir et ...

1、Introduction： Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a critical environmental factor in marine ecosystems, with its spatial heterogeneity and vertical stratification fundamentally establishing the biogeochemical zonation of redox boundaries (Wang et al., 2024). ...

1、Introduction： Ocean phytoplankton plays a vital role in global primary production and carbon cycling (Lu et al., 2025), and supports marine ecosystems and nutrient cycles, especially in coastal and estuarine waters (Breitburg et al., 2018). Underst...

1、Introduction： Plastics, synthetic polymers derived from petroleum, consist of long polymeric chains and are widely used in building insulation, industrial materials, and packaging (Ali et al., 2021; Lv et al., 2024). The global annual plastic produ...

1、Introduction： The global plastic waste crisis has emerged as a paramount envi- ronmental challenge, with improperly managed plastics constituting the largest fraction of anthropogenic waste (Liu et al., 2018). As the world's largest producer and co...

1、Introduction： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) composed of two or more fused benzene rings and are characterized by their high toxicity, mutagenicity, and carci- nogenicity. These compounds...

1、Introduction： Algal bloom is one of the indicators of water eutrophication (Smetacek and Zingone, 2013; Cao and Han, 2021). It has become an important problem for many coastal areas and inland water in China (Zhang et al., 2020a, 2020b; Yang et al....

Introduction： With the improvement of human living standards, the plastic in- dustry has become one of the world’s largest manufacturing industries (Liu et al., 2023), and plastic litter has proliferated in the world. Due to both natural processes an...

1、Introduction： Offshore wind power is one of the most established/developed power generation methods in the field of renewable energy technology, and it has very positive significance in solving the energy crisis and adjusting the energy structure (...