AuthorsInes D. Lange, Tries B. Razak,Chris T. Perry, Permas B. Maulana,Mochyudho E. Prasetya, Irwan,Timothy AC. LamontCorrespondencei.lange@exeter.ac.ukIn briefLange et al. demonstrate that coral reefrestoration can recover importantecosystem functions such as reefcarbonate production, structuralcomplexity, and vertical reef accretionpotential within 4 years. However, coralcommunities at restoration sites differfrom healthy reefs due to preferential useof branching corals for transplantation. Highlightsd Reef restoration drives rapid recovery of coral cover andcarbonate productiond Net carbonate budgets at restoration sites resemble healthyreefs within 4 yearsd Reef structure recovery is important for vertical reef growthand habitat provisiond Coral community composition differs due to preferential useof branching corals

The XLAUV’s adaptable design can be configured to conduct operations like anti-submarine warfare, electronic warfare, and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance BAE Systems has announced a collaboration with Cellula Robotics to demonstrate the capabilities of its new Extra Large Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (XLAUV). Known as Herne, it will be showcased at a technology demonstrator in the water in the second half of 2024. Herne will provide a capability built on BAE Systems’ deep understanding of its military customers to deliver the persistence and flexibility needed for the future. The XLAUV’s adaptable design will allow the platform to be configured to conduct operations, including anti-submarine warfare, electronic warfare, and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. The demonstrator project will test the ‘brains’ of the BAE Systems military XLAUV on one of Cellula Robotics’ underwater vehicles in trials set to take place at a facility on the south coast of England. Recent acts of sub-sea...

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the ocean was widely concerned, but the current study on MPs pollution in the mariculture system is relatively lacking. This study researched the MPs pollution characteristics in water and shrimp at different stages of the pond and industrial aquaculture. The study shows that in the same aquaculture stage, MPs abundance in shrimp and water in pond aquaculture mode is higher than that in industrial aquaculture mode. The MPs pollution characteristics in shrimp and water show significant consistency. The hazard index of MPs in pond water and industrial models are 122 (Level Ⅲ) and 540 (Level Ⅲ), respectively, indicating that industrial aquaculture models may suffer from more severe MPs stress. The aquaculture period and mode significantly affected the MPs abundance of water and shrimp, but there was no interaction between the aquaculture period and mode. MPs abundance in shrimp show a significant relationship with the length...

Microplastics are a ubiquitous contaminant of natural waters, and a lot of feld monitoring is currently performed. However, what is missing so far is a general understanding how emissions of microplastics are linked to environmental exposure, especially on larger geographic scales such as countries. Here we coupled a high-resolution microplastic release model with a fate model in rivers and lakes and parameterized it for Switzerland on a country scale to predict masses of microplastics in each river section for seven diferent polymers. The results show that catchment characteristics, for example, distribution of releases within the catchment, location and size of lakes or river connections, are as important as polymer properties such as density. There is no simple linear function of microplastic retention within a catchment in dependency of river length to the outlet. Instead, we found that diferent catchments cover a wide range of retained fractions for microplastics. Consequently, we...

The ocean absorbs >90% of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system, moder ating global atmospheric warming. However, it remains unclear how this heat uptake is distributed by basin and across water masses. Here we analyze his torical and recent observations to show that ocean heat uptake has accelerated dramatically since the 1990s, nearly doubling during 2010–2020 relative to 1990–2000. Of the total ocean heat uptake over the Argo era 2005–2020, about 89% can be found in global mode and intermediate water layers, span ning both hemispheres and both subtropical and subpolar mode waters. Due to anthropogenic warming, there are significant changes in the volume of these water-mass layers as they warm and freshen. After factoring out volu metric changes, the combined warming of these layers accounts for ~76% of global ocean warming. We further decompose these water-mass layers into regional water masses over the subtropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and...

1、Scientists examining underwater cliff ecosystems onboard research vessel Falkor (too) using the 4,500-metre robot, ROV SuBastian, have discovered two pristine coral reefs in the waters surrounding the Galápagos Islands. 2、NOC scientists on board contributed expertise in high-resolution habitat mapping, using high-resolution equipment intergrated in the ROV SuBastian. 3、These newly identified cold-water reefs are situated at depths ranging from 370 to 420 metres. 4、The discovery expands our understanding of deep reefs within the Galápagos Islands Marine Reserve. Dr Veerle Huvenne and Catherine Wardell, NOC Marine Habitat Mapping specialists, were on board the 30-day expedition bringing expertise in high-resolution habitat mapping of cold-water coral reefs, particularly those that have developed on vertical walls. Dr Huvenne previously developed an innovative approach to mapping deep-sea cliffs. To support the work during this expedition, NOC provided a light-weight, high-resolution multibeam echosounder that was integrated in the ROV SuBastian. Together with the laser scanner, the echosounder...

The AquaWatch Australia Mission is creating a world-first ‘weather service’ for water quality using a combination of specialised sensors and satellite data. Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO, has installed specialised sensors on Darumbal Sea Country in the Southern Great Barrier Reef to help monitor and forecast sediment run-off, which impacts the UNESCO World Heritage site’s marine ecosystem. The reef is one of seven test sites for CSIRO’s AquaWatch Australia Mission, which is creating a world-first ‘weather service’ for water quality using a combination of specialised sensors and satellite data. Dr Alex Held, CSIRO’s AquaWatch Mission Lead, said the project has the potential to support planning decisions in protecting areas of the reef, which brings in $5.2 billion annually and generates more than 64,000 full-time jobs. "We are testing our systems for monitoring the flow of sediment and dissolved organic carbon – an indicator of the carbon exchange between land and...

Justin L. Penn1,2* and Curtis Deutsch1,2* Global warming threatens marine biota with losses of unknown severity. Here, we quantify global and local extinction risks in the ocean across a range of climate futures on the basis of the ecophysiological limits of diverse animal species and calibration against the fossil record. With accelerating greenhouse gas emissions, species losses from warming and oxygen depletion alone become comparable to current direct human impacts within a century and culminate in a mass extinction rivaling those in Earth’s past. Polar species are at highest risk of extinction, but local biological richness declines more in the tropics. Reversing greenhouse gas emissions trends would diminish extinction risks by more than 70%, preserving marine biodiversity accumulated over the past ~50 million years of evolutionary history.

years ago shows a modern-type marine ecosystem Xu Dai1,2, Joshua H. F. L. Davies3 , Zhiwei Yuan1 , Arnaud Brayard2 , Maria Ovtcharova4 , Guanghui Xu5,6, Xiaokang Liu1 , Christopher P. A. Smith2 , Carrie E. Schweitzer7 , Mingtao Li8 , Morgann G. Perrot3,9, Shouyi Jiang1 , Luyi Miao1 , Yiran Cao1 , Jia Yan1 , Ruoyu Bai10, Fengyu Wang1 , Wei Guo1 , Huyue Song1 , Li Tian1 , Jacopo Dal Corso1 , Yuting Liu1 , Daoliang Chu1 , Haijun Song1 * Finely preserved fossil assemblages (lagerstätten) provide crucial insights into evolutionary innovations in deep time. We report an exceptionally preserved Early Triassic fossil assemblage, the Guiyang Biota, from the Daye Formation near Guiyang, South China. High-precision uranium-lead dating shows that the age of the Guiyang Biota is 250.83 +0.07/–0.06 million years ago. This is only 1.08 ± 0.08 million years after the severe Permian-Triassic mass extinction, and this...

1980年代初，由于一种未知的病原体，整个加勒比海地区的海胆（Diadema antillarum）死亡率高达98%，这是有记录以来最大规模的海洋物种死亡事件之一。 研究人员如今已确定了导致2022年D.antillarum死亡的罪魁祸首——其所导致的症状与1983-84年发生的早期事件有着惊人的相似性。 在南佛罗里达大学（USF）水族馆研究机构中的同一只海胆在感染该种纤毛虫前后的情况，2022年出现的一种类似的可怕疾病使Ian Hewson和同事能够在该疾病的传播过程中通过使用现代分子工具对其进行调查以查明肇事病原体。研究人员从加勒比海的23处采集了受疾病影响和未受影响的海胆样本。通过分子学分析，他们发现患病海胆比健康海胆体内含有更大数量的海洋微生物：scuticociliate。当实验室培养的健康的D.antillarum与scuticociliate培养物接触时，海胆会出现该疾病的症状——它进一步支持了这些病原体导致了2022年加勒比海胆疫情暴发的观点；这些病原体也可能是1980年代海胆大规模死亡的原因。 研究人员表示，类似的scuticociliates也与其他地方的珊瑚疾病有关，但还需要进行更多的研究来了解它们对不同物种的影响以及促使它们生长的环境条件。 2022年9月，康奈尔大学研究生Brayan Vilanova Cuevas在美属维尔京群岛的圣托马斯岛（St Thomas, US Virgin Islands）一带从珊瑚表面采集拭子样本。 Rebecca Vega Thurber和Mark Hay在一篇相关的Focus文章中写道：“在有了Hewson等人使用的新型诊断工具后，再加上国际合作与筹资来对新出现的海洋传染病进行追踪，我们可以做更好的准备，并在未来有可能了解及有望缓解海洋生物的疫情暴发。”                                        来源：Science Advance